Se genera biodiesel a partir del cultivo de piñón en México
Ciudad de México, 08 de abril de 2018.-La Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA), a través del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), desarrolló tecnología para la producción de biocombustibles a partir de la biomasa y aceite de semillas de piñón.
En este caso, se realizó una colecta para la conformación del Banco de Germoplasma del piñón, del cual se seleccionaron tres clones con alto rendimiento de grano y contenido de aceite.
La participación de más de 70 investigadores permitió el manejo de los clones “Gran Victoria”, “Doña Aurelia” y “Don Rafael”, seleccionados con características sobresalientes para la producción de biodiesel, mediante el manejo de las plantas y semillas de piñón como materia prima.
Esto representa una respuesta viable ante la demanda de alternativas de producción de biocombustibles amigables con el medioambiente, con el propósito de acompañar con capacitación, asistencia técnica y paquetes tecnológicos a los productores interesados en el establecimiento de plantaciones de piñón.
El etanol y el biodiesel son actualmente los biocombustibles más usados; por ejemplo, el etanol sustituye a la gasolina y se produce a partir de plantas con azúcares y almidones como caña de azúcar, maíz o sorgo.
Cabe destacar que el Biodiesel se produce con el aceite de las semillas de plantas como piñón, higuerilla, soya y la palma de aceite, los cuales se emplean en la mezcla con el diésel.
El piñón es un producto originario de América tropical y representa una de las mejores alternativas para el desarrollo de biodiesel gracias a su alto contenido de aceite y calidad industrial, con la ventaja de que es un cultivo accesible, adaptable y de fácil manejo.
En México, la distribución del piñón corresponde a los estados de Chiapas, Guerrero, Quintana Roo, Hidalgo, Morelos, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Puebla, Sinaloa y Yucatán.
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